individual 谈到中西文化差异(When it comes to cultural difference),有一个说法:洋鬼子讲究个人福祉(individual welfare),我们注重集体利益(colletive interests),前者谓之个人主义(individualism),后者称为集体主义(collectivism)。提及individualism, 传统一点的中国人可能嗤之以鼻,其实大可不必。
After all, it should be admitted that it is human nature for an individual to consider his or her own interests. 毕竟,应该承认,作为一个人,考虑自己的利益是合乎人性的。
中国人讲把我们的青春和生命献给伟大的祖国(devote our youth and life to the great country),而美国的花花公子总统肯尼迪在其就职演说中(in his inaugural address),也这样呼吁民众(call on the people): Do not ask what your country can do for you. 不要问国家能为你做什么。 Ask what you can do for your country. 要问你能为国家做什么。 collectivism自然强调的是“合”(co=一起/一致),individualism讲的就是“分”。具体说来:in=否定,后有divide为分。 故individual作“个体”,源自字面义“不可分”。
e interpret affairs, it is not always so easy to interpret the remarks or behaviors of another country. 在国际事务中,要理解另一个国家的言论或行为的含义,并不总是那么容易。 In interpersonal relation, it is important to interpret properly the remarks or behaviors of others. 在人际关系中,恰当(properly)理解他人的言论或行为是非常重要的。 看来跟inter-耗上了:international, interpersonal, 还有interpret。 确实,inter=际=在……之间。 interpret(理解/解释)跟inter-又有何关系? 理解/解释,其实就是在两个individuals之间架起一座桥,不是吗? 看它的一个引申义“口译”,会更加清楚:做口译,岂非在两个人之间进行? If you interpret for national leaders, it shows/indicates/suggests/implies/demonstrates/illustrates that you are a great interpreter. 如果你为国家领导人做口译,那说明(注意顺便再会见一下那一串“说明”)你是个很牛叉的译员。 If an interpreter is working, it is improper to interrupt. 如果一个译员在工作,不宜从中打扰。 relation, it is improper to interfere/intervene with the internal affairs of other countries. ,一国不宜干涉别国内政。 以inter-开头,又是一个动作,少不了是别人有事,你“从中”(inter)插一杠子,所以是“打扰、干涉”等。